Author: Ranger McCoy
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The McGucken Principle of a Fourth Expanding Dimension (dx₄/dt = ic) as a Candidate Physical Mechanism for Jacobson’s Thermodynamic Spacetime, Verlinde’s Entropic Gravity, and Marolf’s Nonlocality Constraint (And So Much More)
Dr. Elliot McGucken Light, Time, Dimension Theory elliotmcguckenphysics.com “More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken’s I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet. He could and did, and wrote it all up in…
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The Solution to the CMB Preferred Frame Problem:The McGucken Principle of a Fourth Expanding Dimension dx4/dt=ic. One Principle = All of Relativity.
Theoretical Physics The Solution to the CMB Preferred Frame Problem:The McGucken Principle of a Fourth Expanding Dimension dx4/dt=ic. One Principle = All of Relativity. dx₄/dt = ic One Principle. All of Relativity. The Solution to the CMB Preferred Frame Problem The frame in which the Cosmic Microwave Background is isotropic is the frame of absolute rest in x₁x₂x₃…
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A Brief History of Dr. Elliot McGucken’s Principle of the Fourth Expanding Dimension dx4/dt=ic: Princeton and Beyond
A Brief History of Dr. Elliot McGucken’s Principle of the Fourth Expanding Dimension dx4/dt=ic: Princeton and Beyond Moving Dimensions Theory (MDT) → Dynamic Dimensions Theory (DDT) → Light Time Dimension Theory (LTD) → dx4/dt = ic elliotmcguckenphysics.com Compiled April 2026 Abstract This document provides the first comprehensive chronological record of Dr. Elliot McGucken’s theory of the physically expanding…
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The McGucken Principle as the Completion of Kaluza–Klein: How dx4/dt = ic Reveals the Dynamic Character of the Fifth Dimension and Unifies Gravity, Relativity, Quantum Mechanics, Thermodynamics, and the Arrow of Time
Dr. Elliot McGucken elliotmcguckenphysics.com — Light Time Dimension Theory April 2026 Abstract Kaluza (1921) and Klein (1926) demonstrated that Einstein’s general relativity and Maxwell’s electromagnetism could be unified by extending spacetime from four to five dimensions, with the fifth dimension compactified at an unobservably small radius. The Kaluza–Klein framework was the first successful geometric unification in…
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A Derivation of Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation from the McGucken Principle of the Fourth Expanding Dimension dx4/dt=ic
Dr. Elliot McGucken A Derivation of Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitationfrom the McGucken Principle of the Fourth Expanding Dimension Dr. Elliot McGucken Light Time Dimension Theory — elliotmcguckenphysics.com April 2026 Abstract We derive Newton’s law of universal gravitation — specifically its inverse square dependence on distance — from the McGucken Principle, which states that the fourth dimension x4 of…
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The McGucken Principle (dx₄/dt = ic) as the Physical Mechanism Underlying Verlinde’s Entropic Gravity: A Unified Derivation of Gravity, Entropy, and the Holographic Principle from a Single Geometric Postulate
Dr. Elliot McGuckenLight, Time, Dimension Theoryelliotmcguckenphysics.com “More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken’s I have never seen in any senior or graduate student. Originality, powerful motivation, and a can-do spirit make me think that McGucken is a top bet. He could and did, and wrote it all up in a beautifully…
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The McGucken Principle (dx₄/dt = ic) as the Physical Foundation of General Relativity: An Enhanced Treatment with Explicit Derivations, the ADM Formalism, Gravitational Waves, Black Holes, and the Semiclassical Limit
Dr. Elliot McGuckenLight, Time, Dimension Theoryelliotmcguckenphysics.com Abstract The McGucken Principle — that every point of the fourth dimension x₄ expands spherically at the fixed invariant rate dx₄/dt = ic — is shown to provide the physical foundation of general relativity through a rigorous treatment that includes: (1) an explicit derivation of the split metric from…
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The McGucken Principle (dx₄/dt = ic) as the Physical Mechanism Underlying Huygens’ Principle, the Principle of Least Action, Noether’s Theorem, and the Schrödinger Equation
Dr. Elliot McGuckenLight, Time, Dimension Theoryelliotmcguckenphysics.com Abstract The McGucken Principle — that every point of the fourth dimension x₄ expands in a spherically symmetric manner at the rate of c, as given by dx₄/dt = ic, where x₄ = ict is Minkowski’s imaginary fourth coordinate — is shown to be the single physical mechanism underlying…
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How the McGucken Principle of a Fourth Expanding Dimension (dx₄/dt = ic) Finally Resolves the Twins Paradox
Dr. Elliot McGuckenLight, Time, Dimension Theoryelliotmcguckenphysics.com Abstract The twins paradox — the apparent contradiction between special relativity’s principle of relativity and the measured asymmetric aging of two observers in relative motion — has resisted complete resolution since Einstein first formulated special relativity in 1905. Standard treatments invoke the turnaround acceleration of the travelling twin to…
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How the McGucken Principle of a Fourth Expanding Dimension dx4/dt=ic Sets the Constants c (the Velocity of Light) and h (Planck’s Constant)
Abstract The McGucken Principle — that the fourth dimension of spacetime x₄ is a physical geometric axis advancing at the fixed imaginary rate dx₄/dt = ic, where x₄ = ict is Minkowski’s imaginary fourth coordinate, c is the speed of light, and i is the imaginary unit — is shown to provide a unified geometric…
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A Derivation of the Uncertainty Principle ΔxΔp ≥ ℏ/2 from the McGucken Principle of a Fourth Expanding Dimension dx₄/dt = ic –The Expanding Fourth Dimension, the Imaginary Unit, and the Uncertainty Principle
Abstract We demonstrate that the Heisenberg uncertainty principle ΔxΔp ≥ ℏ/2 can be derived as a direct consequence of the McGucken Principle: the fourth dimension of spacetime is expanding at the speed of light c relative to the three spatial dimensions, expressed by the McGucken equation dx₄/dt = ic. Starting from this single geometric postulate, we show that…
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The Singular Missing Physical Mechanism–dx₄/dt = ic: How the Principle of the Expanding Fourth Dimension Gives Rise to the Constancy and Invariance of the Velocity of Light c; the Second Law of Thermodynamics; Time, Its Flow, Its Arrows and Asymmetries; Quantum Nonlocality, Entanglement, and the McGucken Equivalence; the Principle of Least Action; Huygens’ Principle; the Schrödinger Equation; the McGucken Sphere and the Law of Nonlocality; Vacuum Energy, Dark Energy, and Dark Matter; and the Deeper Physical Reality from Which All of Special Relativity Naturally Arises
Physics advances through unification — the recognition that phenomena previously thought to be distinct are in fact expressions of a single deeper reality. The McGucken Principle, encoded in the equation dx4/dt = ic, proposes the deepest unification yet attempted: a single geometric postulate from which the constancy and invariance of the velocity of light c;…
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How the McGucken Principle and Equation — dx₄/dt = ic — Provides a Physical Mechanism for Special Relativity, the Principle of Least Action, Huygens’ Principle, the Schrödinger Equation, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Quantum Nonlocality and Entanglement, Vacuum Energy, Dark Energy, and Dark Matter
The Fourth Dimension Is Expanding at the Speed of Light How the McGucken Principle and Equation — dx₄/dt = ic — Provides a Physical Mechanism for Special Relativity, the Principle of Least Action, Huygens’ Principle, the Schrödinger Equation, the Second Law of Thermodynamics, Quantum Nonlocality, Vacuum Energy, Dark Energy, and Dark Matter Dr. Elliot McGucken · Theoretical…
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The Fourth Dimension Is Expanding at the Speed of Light–How the McGucken Principle and Equation — dx₄/dt = ic — Exalts Special Relativity, the Principle of Least Action, Huygens’ Principle, and the Schrödinger Equation
How the McGucken Principle and Equation — dx₄/dt = ic — Exalts Special Relativity, the Principle of Least Action, Huygens’ Principle, and the Schrödinger Equation *By Elliot McGucken* I want to propose something that I believe cuts to the heart of what spacetime actually is. Not a new formalism. Not a new way of writing…
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Deriving The Principle of Least Action and Huygens’ Principle from The McGucken Principle — The Fourth Dimension is Expanding at the Velocity of Light c: dx4/dt=ic
Deriving the Principle of Least Action and Huygens’ Principle from dx₄/dt = ic Abstract We demonstrate that two foundational pillars of classical and wave physics — the Principle of Least Action and Huygens’ Principle — follow as rigorous mathematical consequences of a single postulate due to Dr. Elliott McGucken: that the fourth dimension of spacetime expands at…
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Two Theories, One Standard: String Theory and the McGucken Principle “The Fourth Dimension is Expanding at the Rate of c dx₄/dt=ic” Evaluated Against the Classical Criteria of Physical Science
Two Theories, One Standard: String Theory and the McGucken Principle “The Fourth Dimension is Expanding at the Rate of c dx₄/dt=ic” Evaluated Against the Classical Criteria of Physical Science A criterion-based comparative analysis What makes something a physical theory? Not institutional prestige. Not the number of papers published about it. Not the brilliance of the…
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The McGucken Proof — A step-by-step logical analysis of Dr. Elliot McGucken’s six-step proof that the fourth dimension expands at c
A step-by-step logical analysis of Dr. Elliot McGucken’s six-step proof that the fourth dimension expands at c. dx₄/dt = ic https://www.amazon.com/Physics-Time-Mechanics-Relativity-Thermodynamics/dp/B0F2PZCW6B The McGucken Proof The Physics of Time: Time & Its Arrows in Quantum Mechanics, Relativity, The Second Law of… “More intellectual curiosity, versatility and yen for physics than Elliot McGucken’s I have never seen…
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The McGucken Invariance: Revisiting Einstein’s Relativity of Simultaneity: Download Papers PDFs
Dr. Elliot McGucken · 22 November 2025 Originally published on Medium · August 25th, 2025 Download Paper 1 The McGucken Invariance: Download Paper 2 The McGucken Invariance: Let us quickly revisit Chapter 9 of Einstein’s wonderful Special and General Relativity where we see the following figure and description: Fig. 1. Are two events (e.g. the two strokes of lightning A…
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The McGucken Invariance
The McGucken Invariance Abstract In this paper, we introduce the McGucken Invariance, a novel relativistic invariant derived within the framework of special relativity. This invariant combines the time of arrival (\(\tau\)), observed frequency (\(f’\)), and observed brightness (\(I’\)) of light signals from stationary sources, as perceived by an observer in a moving inertial frame. Drawing…
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The Derivation of Entropy’s Increase and Time’s Arrow from the McGucken Principle of a Fourth Expanding Dimension dx4/dt=ic. A deeper connection between Brownian Motion’s Random Walk, Feynman’s Many Paths, Increasing Entropy, and Huygens’ Principle.
The Derivation of Entropy’s Increase and Time’s Arrow from the McGucken Principle of a Fourth Expanding Dimension dx4/dt=ic. A deeper connection between Brownian Motion’s Random Walk, Feynman’s Many Paths, Increasing Entropy, and Huygens’ Principle. The Derivation of Entropy’s Increase from the McGucken Principle of a Fourth Expanding Dimension dx4/dt=ic. A deeper connection between Brownian Motion, Feynman’s…
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The McGucken Principles, Postulates, Equations, and Proofs: An Examination of Light Time Dimension Theory
The McGucken Principles, Postulates, Equations, and Proofs: An Examination of Light Time Dimension Theory Executive Summary Light Time Dimension (LTD) Theory, proposed by Dr. Elliot McGucken, presents a foundational physical model aiming to unify two cornerstones of modern physics: Einstein’s relativity and quantum mechanics. This ambitious theoretical framework is predicated on a singular, central premise:…
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Light, Time, Dimension Theory — Dr. Elliot McGucken’s Five Foundational Papers 2008–2013–Exalting the Principle: The Fourth Dimension is Expanding at the Rate of c Relative to the Three Spatial Dimensions: dx4/dt=ic
Light, Time, Dimension Theory — Dr. Elliot McGucken’s Five Foundational Papers 2008–2013–Exalting the Principle: The Fourth Dimension is Expanding at the Rate of c Relative to the Three Spatial Dimensions: dx4/dt=ic Time as an Emergent Phenomenon: Traveling Back to the Heroic Age of Physics In Memory of John Archibald Wheeler by Dr. Elliot McGucken ABSTRACT In his…
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The Abstracts of McGucken’s Five Seminal Papers on Light, Time, Dimension Theory (2008–2013) and The McGucken Principle–The Fourth Dimension is Expanding at the Rate of c Relative to the Three Spatial Dimensions dx4/dt=ic
The Abstracts of McGucken’s Five Papers on Light, Time, Dimension Theory (2008–2013) and The McGucken Principle–The Fourh Dimension is Moving at the Rate of c Relative to the Three Spatial Dimensions dx4/dt=ic 2008: Time as an Emergent Phenomenon: Traveling Back to the Heroic Age of Physics (In Memory of John Archibald Wheeler) Time as an…
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The McGucken Equivalence: Quantum Nonlocality and Relativity Both Emerge From the Expansion of the Fourth Dimension at the Velocity of Light— how Quantum Nonlocality and Entanglement are found in Relativity’s Time Dilation and Length Contraction.
The McGucken Equivalence of Quantum Nonlocality and Relativity. Relativity tells us that the photon experiences no time in its frame. And too, relativity tells us that the photon experiences no space in its frame. Thus, to a photon, the spatial distance between any two points is zero. And too, in the photon’s frame, it takes…
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The Second McGucken Principle of Nonlocality: Only systems of particles with intersecting light spheres, with each light sphere having originated from each respective particle, can ever be entangled. Any Entangled Particles Must Exist in a McGucken Sphere. The McGucken Sphere is defined as a sphere whose radius expands at the velocity of light c, as given by radius x4=ict. So it is that the fourth dimension expands at the velocity of light dx4/dt=ic.
Relativity tells us that the photon experiences no time in its frame. And too, relativity tells us that the photon experiences no space in its frame. Thus, to a photon, the spatial distance between any two points is zero. And too, in the photon’s frame, it takes no time to travel between any two points.…
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As All “Quantum Eraser” Experiments take Place within a McGucken Sphere given by dx4/dt=ic, All “Quantum Eraser” Experiments Exhibit the Same Basic Physics Observed in the Double Slit Experiment which also Takes Place in a McGucken Sphere
Relativity tells us that the photon experiences no time in its frame. And too, relativity tells us that the photon experiences no space in its frame. Thus, to a photon, the spatial distance between any two points is zero. And too, in the photon’s frame, it takes no time to travel between any two points.…
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The McGucken Sphere represents the expansion of the fourth dimension x4 at the rate of c, as given by Einstein’s/ Minkowski’s/ Poincare’s x4=ict or McGucken‘s dx4/dt=ic
The McGucken Sphere represents the expansion of the fourth dimension x4 at the rate of c, as given by Einstein’s/ Minkowski’s/ Poincare’s x4=ict or McGucken‘s dx4/dt=ic. No matter how large the sphere grows, the photon remains in the same place in the fourth dimension x4, thusly demonstrating that x4 is moving and expanding. From the McGucken Principle of the fourth expanding dimension, the following…
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Einstein, Minkowski, x4=ict, and The McGucken Proof of The Fourth Dimension’s Expansion at the Velocity of Light c: dx4/dt=ic
Einstein, Minkowski, x4=ict, and The McGucken Proof of The Fourth Dimension’s Expansion at the Velocity of Light c: dx4/dt=ic In the early 1900s, a most amazing equation was realized: x4=ict. The equation related light, time, and dimension. Remarkably, the equation was largely dismissed as having no *physical* meaning. Well, Dr. Elliot McGucken recently realized that x4=ict means that the fourth…
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Dante Envisioned the McGucken Principle of the Fourth Expanding Dimension dx4/dt=ic: The Fourth Dimension is Expanding at the Velocity of Light c.
Dante Envisioned the McGucken Principle of the Fourth Expanding Dimension dx4/dt=ic: The Fourth Dimension is Expanding at the Velocity of Light c. As seen throughout the paintings inspired by Dante’s Divine Comedy, Dante envisioned the McGucken Principle — the expansion of the fourth dimension dx4/dt=ic as given by Einstein’s x4=ict! And as the expansion of…
The McGucken Principle: The fourth dimension x4 is expanding at the velocity of light c: x4=ict, ergo dx4/dt=ic 